The authors trace how India’s exports to China have become heavily skewed toward pollution‑intensive goods—mining, metals, petroleum products and chemicals now comprise more than half of India’s sales to its northern neighbour. They argue that as China tightens domestic environmental standards, it effectively outsources industrial emissions to countries with weaker regulation. India risks turning into a “pollution haven,” gaining export revenue at the cost of land degradation, health hazards and missed sustainability goals. The piece calls for stricter enforcement, cleaner technologies and bilateral green‑tech cooperation so that trade growth does not “lock India into a dirty‑industry disadvantage for decades.”