India’s Ministry of Commerce and Industry has initiated an anti-dumping investigation into Penicillin G and its salts imported from China following an application by Lyfius Pharma, the sole domestic producer operating under the Production Linked Incentive scheme. The Directorate General of Trade Remedies found prima facie evidence that cheap Chinese dumping has caused severe material retardation to domestic manufacturing, which resumed after nearly three decades. Simultaneously, exporters face persistent credit bottlenecks as Goods and Services Tax mechanisms fail to automatically recognize IGST paid through ICEGATE challans for inputs under Advance Authorisation and EPCG schemes, leading to unutilized Input Tax Credit disputes. On the international trade front, Union Minister Piyush Goyal announced that India has concluded nine free trade agreements with 38 developed economies over the past four and a half years, transforming the country into an attractive global trade destination while safeguarding sensitive sectors. Furthermore, the Ministry of Commerce is reviewing trade hurdles faced by Indian services exporters in China, such as stringent data localization rules, cross-border transfer restrictions, complex licensing, and visa barriers, to protect India’s $8.5 billion service exports to the Chinese market.