The Directorate General of Trade Remedies (DGTR), operating under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, has launched a formal anti-dumping investigation into imports of “Penicillin G and its salts” originating from China following a complaint by domestic manufacturer Lyfius Pharma (an affiliate of Aurobindo Pharma). Penicillin G serves as a critical Key Starting Material (KSM) and Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) used in synthesizing essential antibiotics for bacterial infections, including pneumonia, diphtheria, and meningitis. The investigation period, set for FY 2025–26, will evaluate claims that low-priced Chinese imports are undercutting local market prices and causing material injury to newly revived domestic manufacturing capabilities backed by the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme. If the probe confirms unfair trade practices and injury, DGTR may recommend anti-dumping tariffs to protect domestic producers, insulate India’s pharmaceutical supply chain from external dependence, and bolster national health security.